Frederick Douglass Importance of Education Research Paper Example

Frederick Douglass Importance of Education Paper To Learn or Not to Learn Throughout Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, the significance of training gets clear as Frederick Douglass’ assessment falters. Towards the start of the story, Douglass is anxious to learn, and when his lord restricts his learning, it just fills his longing to assist his instruction. When he is at last ready to peruse, in any case, he gets fretful with his life and reprimands instruction for his discontent. At last, however, he sees training as indispensable to his opportunity from lavery and understands that he can effectively utilize his instruction, helping different captives to opportunity. Frederick Douglass comes to see the intensity of training when he moves in with the Aulds. At the point when he is first living with them, Mrs. Auld begins to show him the nuts and bolts of perusing and composing. He is substance and anxious to learn, until Mr. Auld denies his better half from assisting Douglass’ training, saying, â€Å"If you instruct that nigger how to peruse, there would be no keeping him. It would perpetually unfit him to be a slave. We will compose a custom article test on Frederick Douglass Importance of Education explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Frederick Douglass Importance of Education explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Frederick Douglass Importance of Education explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer As to himself it would do him nothing but bad. It would make him disappointed and unhappy’ (Douglass 22). Rather than demoralizing his training, notwithstanding, this solitary prompts Douglass to find out additional, as he currently comprehends that instruction is key in his departure from an existence of subjugation. Douglass before long finds new methods for training in the youthful white young men that live close to him, who will at times give him exercises as an end-result of bread. Similarly as Mr. Auld had anticipated, when Douglass can peruse all alone, he starts to get discontent and anxious with his life. His instruction had â€Å"opened his] eyes to the repulsive pit, however offered no stepping stool whereupon to get out† (Douglass 26). Now and again Douglass gets himself jealous of the absence of information on different slaves around him, as he is presently mindful of his foul personal satisfaction, however can discover no chance to get of alleviation. â€Å"l frequently got myself lamenting my own reality, and wishing myself dead; and yet for the expectation of being free, I have no uncertainty however that I ought to have murdered myself, or accomplished something for which I ought to have been killed† (Douglass 26). This statement is a case of Just how upset and disappointed Douglass is with his uality of life. The more Douglass peruses, the more disappointed he feels, as he comes to accept that his lords are not any more then â€Å"successful robbers† who took his kin from their homes and subjugated them. In spite of the fact that having training appears as though a revile to Frederick Douglass now and again, he comes to see instruction as basic to his departure from bondage. Through perusing, Douglass gets mindful of the abolitionist development in the northern piece of the United States. Accordingly, he can in the long run figure out how to flee toward the north, and start another life for himself as a liberated individual. He before long effectively utilizes his instruction and starts composing Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, with the expectation that it will disastrous truth of bondage. Regardless of the way that Frederick Douglass’ training some of the time felt like a weight, he would not have had the option to run away to opportunity without it. As a result of his inspiration to learn from the get-go throughout everyday life, he was in the long run ready to comprehend the abolitionist development and flee toward the north. He utilized his training to think of one of the most persuasive works of writing to help the liberation development in the United States.

Saif Asso Essays - Fashion, Fads, Body Piercing, Tattoo,

Saif Asso Educator Brender ENGL 1180 13 February 2015 In light of the spread ( 661) Do early introductions make a difference ? They state you can't pass judgment flippantly, yet we do make presumptions about individuals dependent on their spread each day. At the point when we meet an individual just because, picture is everything, nearly as the individual is an item or fundamentally a book. In spite of the fact that we can't determine what the book contains inside, we regularly take a gander at the outside. For instance, physical appearance to give us intimations about the individual. A first impressio n is dependable and has the force represent the moment of truth a circumstance. Should physical appearance than direct which occupations they're qualified for? Each individual has the option to be acknowledged. Our family and friends may do that however managers don't. Employe rs focus on dress, piercings, hairdo, and tattoos. We can never be excessively cautious when attempting to establish an incredible connection. Keeping up an expert picture could be hard to a few, as they like to communicate with the pictures they need. Actually employing chiefs are inside their privileges to not enlist somebody with an obvious tattoo or facial piercings that accept could be hostile or proper in their working environment or with the clients. Indeed, it's exceptionally regular for businesses to have a clothing standard arrangement that expect representatives to expel pierci ngs when working or spread tattoos with dress or cosmetics as long as it is tended to in the worker handbook. In the event that the business doesn't specify this approach, it is illicit for them to separate agai nst the representative. There is ensured business laws . Businesses are not permitted to segregate workers against age, sexual orientation, ethnicity, inability, age, or pregnancy. In any case, there are no laws that disallow oppression tattoos, piercings, hairdo, etc. While it may not be reasonable for judge somebody inside a tatt oo or penetrating, it happens. A ton of occupations expect representatives to be client confronting, having piercings, tattoos, and emotional hair shading could be upsetting to the client and can make a terrible picture for the organization. What's progressively significant, body adjustments or the possibility of finding a new line of work? Unnatural hair hues ( pink, blue, green, and so on.) will be an issue for all businesses, sensational hairdos, facial piercings, and tattoos are superfluous. D ress and appearance presents us as an individual. It simply doesn't bode well to go into an in terview for a situation with an appearance depicting an individual to be another person. Everything comes down to this-there are bounty all around qualified of candidates and most present themselves in a manner my industry thinks about expert, so there was no convincing motivation to pick somebody that will annoy my client or inadequately speak to my company.(662) While a few managers are against bodyworks, piercings, and emotional hair hues, others are grasping it. On the off chance that the representatives pick a position where they don't have to interface with clients, they have a superior possibility of not having issues at work. A few people seek after an aesthetic profession, this may be simply the manner in which they express. There are vocations that invite work of art and piercings. Tattoos and piercings are acknowledged in inventive expressions. For instance, music, workmanship, composing, acting, and painting. Body craftsmanship and surprising hai r hues shout I'm unique. Each individual has the privilege to make themselves as an individual the way the need to. Having tattoos and piercings to certain individuals are significant, on the grounds that it communicates their feelings, mental self portrait, and recollections. As an individual, they reserve the option to be the individual they need to be. There was a law in those days tha t said ladies ought not wear pants at the working environment, starting at now, it is worthy. As ages grow, an ever increasing number of representatives are being confronted with individuals that are like this. Which could change the representative's perspective. We as people, are extremely critical People. Our feeling of vision is exceptionally solid, and we will in general gander at what's unique in relation to regular. Just in the event that we can take care of decisions and look further into all that we do or see. Individuals should regard the manner in which an individual needs their

Welcome to SIPA, incoming Spring 2019 J-Termers! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Welcome to SIPA, incoming Spring 2019 J-Termers! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA wrapped up Orientation for the newest J-Termers yesterday that means the incoming Spring 2019 class, called J-Term since they start the term in January. (Get it?) Despite the chilly weather, there are several benefits to starting in the Spring term. First off, these Seeples (get it?!) have two full summers to do internships, compared to the one summer if you start in the fall. There are no MIA/MPA classes during the summer, and taking advantage of this is an excellent way to apply what you learn in the classroom. Another advantage is that you have an extra semester to get to intimately know your other J-Term Seeples before the Fall class arrives in September. There are many advantages to having large and small cohorts and class sizes â€" and SIPA offers both experiences. Being part of SIPA’s global alumni network across 150+ countries lends itself to invaluable experiences, and it all starts here on the Columbia University campus. On January 16 and 17, these 33 students were able to meet SIPA faculty, get information on classes for their respective concentrations, and tour our little corner of New York City. To those still finishing up their applications for the February 5  deadline, know that these new students above were in your position just a few months ago: reading this blog, listening in on webinars, and emailing us with questions. We encourage you to take your shot at SIPA and submit your application. Don’t wait until the last minute â€" you have a zero percent chance of getting in if you never submit your application. Welcome to the J-Termers 2021, and we wish you all the best at SIPA!

The Human Brain Is Responsible For Operating Every Aspect...

The human brain is an organ that is responsible for operating every aspect of our body, and one of those aspects is learning. This vital organ is part of our central nervous system and has three parts to it; the brainstem, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum. The part most responsible for learning is the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and because of this it has the ability to gather information, process and understand the information, and convert it to memory. The cerebrum is often times referred to as the â€Å"little brain† and is also responsible for higher level thinking and learning. Within the cerebrum there are four lobes that control a specific behavior or function. The two lobes primarily associated with learning are the frontal lobe and temporal lobe in association with the hippocampus. In addition to the individual lobes, it is important to know that the cells of the nervous system are called neurons. On one end of a neuron there is a dendrite which is responsible for retrieving information from another neuron. At the other end is an axon terminal, which sends information to another nerve cell through a synapse that is formed. These synapses cause neural pathways to occur. Early neural pathways in the brain are found to set the foundation for learning in one’s life. These pathways continue to grow and form throughout a person’s life and allow one to have lifelong learning. Neural pathways connect and communicate with different parts of the bodyShow MoreRelatedNeuroscience Of The Nervous System1569 Words   |  7 PagesNeuroscience, commonly referred to as Neural Science, is the study of the way the nervous system develops, how it is structured and the functions of it. Scientists put emphasis on the brain and the impact it has on behavior and cogniti ve functions. These scientists approach a closer look on the reactions the nervous system has when humans have neurological, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. The entire concept of neuroscience is addressed as a subdivision of biology. It is applied to chemistry, cognitiveRead MoreEssay on Eat Your Greens, Do Not Smoke Them1684 Words   |  7 Pagestemporary feeling of relaxation, tranquility, and hilarity. Unfortunately, the disadvantages and potential dangers heavily outweigh the benefits. Our current marijuana laws and regulations are necessary to keep as it protects the safety, health and future of this great nation. Members of Canadian society with healthy, stable and uninfluenced minds and bodies allow for a safe community and a bright future. Regular and constant use of the narcotic results in dangerous affects to an individuals healthRead MoreThe Importance Of Sleep On The Performance Triad1640 Words   |  7 PagesTriad is as it sounds made up of three separate but interchangeable parts that are intended for the military services to utilize to enhance their combat readiness. It consists of Physical Fitness, Nutrition and Sleep and I will quickly explain each aspect to give the reader an understanding of what it is. I will also explain why I believe sleep to be the most crucial and important part of the Performance Triad and lastly looking at ways to implement the Performance Triad for soldiers that are in aRead MoreThe Central Nervous System14042 Words   |  57 PagesTHE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Every behavior begins with biology. Our behaviors, as well as our thoughts and feelings, are produced by the actions of our brains, nerves, muscles, and glands. In this chapter we will begin our journey into the world of psychology by considering the biological makeup of the human being, including the most remarkable of human organs—the brain. We’ll consider the structure of the brain and also the methods that psychologists use to study the brain and to understand how itRead MoreScientology Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scientology religion deals with the human spirit and its relationship to the universe and its Creator. It teaches that its fundamental laws of life, when used, help people gain a happier and more fulfilling life. Scientology teaches many different methods that soon help with dealing with different life situations and personal belonging. It gives people another way of life. It attempts at bringing joy into peoples lives by being more of a personal c ounselor then anything else. It gives anotherRead MoreThe Future Development Of Technology2339 Words   |  10 Pagesendless effect on the post-human notion of what it means to be a human being. Giesler (2004) suggest that in recent studies many articles on posthumanism indicate the arrival of a new era with concerns about how we conceptualize human bodies and mental structures. These ideas are explored through the shift in thought from humanist to post-humanist worldviews contextualising using the ideas of advancement in technology in artificial intelligence and how this could affect the human and machine division.Read MoreIs God Exist Or Not?2058 Words   |  9 Pages At the age of four, Colton Burpo, during emergency surgery slips from consciousness and enters heaven. He survives and begins talking about being able to look down and see the doctor operating and his dad praying in the waiting room. The family did not know what to believe but soon the evidence was clear. Colton said he met his miscarried sister, whom no one had told him about, and his grandfather who died thirty years before Colton was born, then shared impossible-to-know details about each.Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?2102 Words   |  9 Pagespurposes for adults. There are a number of advocacy groups that stand for its legalization for health related claims and also for a responsible recreational usage. On the other hand, various penalties are imposed for use or possession of marijuana in most countries. The use of marijuana is a very serious question as it always deals with the life of human being and its impact to our society. So Marijuana in the USA should be illegal for various reasons. The risk of addiction, poor health and socio-economicRead MoreStress And Its Effects On The Mind, Body, And Environment8594 Words   |  35 Pagesnatural, a physiological response involving a complex interaction between the mind, body, and environment. Stress is not fundamentally negative, people need a certain amount in their everyday lives to maintain function. An optimal level of stress stimulates an individual to stay alert and perform at a desired level. Ideally, stress enables us to take action by stimulating our sympathetic nervous system and improving our mental focus. If we become too relaxed or subjected to too little stress, we canRead MorePsychology : Philosophy Of Psych2303 Words   |  10 Pagesgeneral psychology class. We were discussing the structure of the brain and what each region was responsible for. It was fascinating to me to learn about the different structures of the brain and how they directly relate to our behavior. I began to re alize how powerful and influential the brain is, and how it can be utilized to explain numerous things, like behavior and emotion. It was during that class period that a switch flipped in my brain and I realized I wanted to pursue a career in the field of psychology

Analysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis Essay

In her autobiographical comic Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi, within the first five pages of the book, tells the reader that she was born with religion. She immediately explains (in regards to the Islamic practice of veiling) that â€Å"I really didn’t know what to think about the veil. Deep down I was very religious but as a family we were very modern and avant-garde† (Persepolis, 2003, pg. 6). For western feminists, this ambivalence towards the veil has been a common topic of discourse. In secularized western countries, the veil is often viewed as a symbol of patriarchal oppression. In France (where Satrapi currently lives), for example, there have been numerous laws banning different forms of the veil (such as the burka and the niqab) with many critics, such as former French president Nicolas Sarkozy, arguing that they are â€Å"oppressive† and â€Å"not welcome† in France (â€Å"The Islamic veil across Europe,† 2014, pg. 1). This is the western vie w of the veil, but what do Muslim women think of the veil and the fundamentalist values that westerners often associate with it? For Satrapi, the Islamic faith was a source of comfort for her when she was a child. In fact, she was so enraptured by her faith that she told her school teacher she wanted to be a prophet when she grew up (Persepolis, 2003, pg. 8). However, this sentiment quickly changes when her uncle Anoosh is executed as a result of the Iranian revolution. She confronts God and shouts â€Å"Shut up you! Get out of my life! I never want toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis 1425 Words   |  6 Pagesto childhood. Political socialization, the process by which an individual attains their political attitudes and values, argues that a number of agents, primarily family influences ideological development (Burnham). In Marjane Satrapi’s graphic autobiographical novel Persepolis, Satrapi affirms the notions of political socialization, specificall y the importance of family as the primary agent of socialization, through her depiction of growing up during the Islamic Revolution and the infancy of the IslamicRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis1264 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, ideas of violent loss and laying down your life for your country seem distant, an army’s world. During the Iranian revolution, loss and suffering were weaved into the fabric of their lives. To know Iran was to know war. In Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis, she argues that Marji’s developing views on death and martyrdom serve to personalize our perspective on war. From the beginning of her story, Marji is suspended in limbo between two clashing ideological worlds. She is educatedRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesare not the villains the media shows. There are people in Iran that believe we have irrational thoughts about their country, and believe their country is not what we think it is. In Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi discusses life in Iran because she wants people to know that there are good people living in it. Satrapi feels her entire nation should not be viewed solely on the fact of its past extreme actions. She feels like since she was a child other countries deem the whole Iranian population as terroristsRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Book Persepolis1239 Words   |  5 Pagesyou are sent to war. In today’s society, ideas of violent loss and trading life for country seem like issues in an army’s world. During the Iranian revolution, loss and suffering were woven into the fabric of all Iranian lives. In Marjane Satrapi’s graphic memoir Persepolis, she argues that Marji’s developing views on death and martyrdom serve to personalize our perspective of war. From the beginning of her story, Marji is suspended in limbo between two clashing ideological worlds. Akin to many elementaryRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis And Ta Nehisi Coates Between The World And Me1878 Words   |  8 PagesAs such, our reality is a collection of subjective truths woven together like a collage, that ultimately represents what we consider to be true. This theme of a subjective reality is conveyed in both the major motion picture version of Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis and Ta-Nehisi Coates’ Between the World and Me. Moreover, following the argument that there can be more than a single â€Å"truth,† what should concern the individual shouldn’t be obeying an truth proposed to be objective, but rather adheringRead MoreThe Danger and Negativity of Misconceptions855 Words   |  4 Pagesbe formed about topics such as race, gender, politics, and culture. The results of minor misconceptions could be harmless. However, mi sconceptions can be dangerous when they are major or widespread. After performing a subject analysis on A Lesson Before Dying, Persepolis, and â€Å"Exploring the Negative Consequences of Stereotyping†; I conclude that when an individual person or party is subjected to a misconception, they will react negatively. Stereotypes are one form of misconceptions. A stereotypeRead MoreEssay about Persepolis1136 Words   |  5 PagesToward the end of the novel, Marjane says about people’s fear of the Islamic Commission, â€Å"It’s only natural! When we’re afraid, we lose all sense of analysis and reflection. Our fear paralyzes us. Besides fear has always been the driving force behind all dictators’ repression.† How do Marjane and her compatriots deal with fear and their daily lives? To what extent do you see fear as a controlling factor in your own country’s public life? The new Islamic republic regime was beginning to spread inRead MoreMemories And The Formation Of Reality1666 Words   |  7 Pagesor false memories, and can result in of misconceptions of reality. This paper looks at two live-action films: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) and The Big Fish (2003) and two animated feature length films: Waltz of Bashir (2008) and Persepolis (2007) and one short animated film: Tale of Tales (1979). The purpose is to analyze how memory is represented in film and animation and examining how imagination does not distort the memory through animation but embellish it. To begin, Eternal SunshineRead MoreMemories And The Formation Of Reality1688 Words   |  7 Pagesfalse memories, and can result in of misconceptions about reality. This paper is looking to two live-action films: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) and The Big Fish (2003) and two animated feature length films: Waltz of Bashir (2008) and Persepolis (2007) and one short animated film: Tale of Tales (1979). The purpose is to analyze how memory is represent in film and animation, and discover how imagination does not distort the memory and how is it represented in animation. To begin, EternalRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novel

Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry Free Essays

1. Discuss the trends in the golf equipment industry and how it may impact a company’s strategy. Ans: According to new the United States Golf Association (USGA), Golf equipment manufacturers are forced to launch the equipment within the limitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, the product differentiation is not quite high while recreational golfers do not enjoy playing due to lack of innovational equipment. Also, the USGA states that there are various factors that result in the declining of golfers such as: Game difficulty: Golf equipment manufacturers are forced to follow the new USGA rules, thus, recreational golfers are suffered from the limitation of golf equipments. They cannot enjoy playing golf as much as before while new golfers face the difficulty of playing. – Time consuming for practice: According to the limited innovation of golf equipment, golfers need lots of time to practice while they also have take responsibility to their job and spend time with their families. – High golf fee: Some golfers realize that golf fee is high, as a result, they  cannot practice frequently. . Discuss the importance of innovation, brand, performance, and price in the golf equipment industry. Ans: Good reputation and image can lead to br and loyalty. That’s why many brands use lots of advertising expenditure to promote their brands. As the leading sports brand in the world, Nike has a clear marketing advantage over its competitors. Nike spends some of their annual revenues on advertising to build strong brands by using celebrity endorsements aim to grow the market share in the golf segment. Golf product brand equity depends on the performance of its endorsed players. The performances of the professional golfers sponsored by each brand strongly relates to sales. Innovation in the golf industry is an important part of equipment adoption. Because of the fleeting life span of golf clubs, adoption of new drivers and putters is critical to any golf equipment manufacturer’s strategy. Performance in golf equipment is closely tied to PGA professionals and well known amateurs who use certain clubs and brands to help promote the value of the equipment. Counterfeit golf equipment has continued to impact pricing of golf equipment by being sold worldwide which s a threat to the golf industry because the counterfeits can be sold much less than the originals. Callaway’s strength has been its line of Big Bertha drivers and the acquisition of the Top-Flite Golf company which allowed Callaway to manufacturer popular golf ball equipment. The weakness has been the golf club business which has lost money according to third quarter reporting. The financia l report shows a 28% of net sales in the third quarter of 2010 as compared to 31% of net sales in 2009 third quarter. TaylorMade’s strength has been its improvement to the drivers namely the r5 and r7 series which supplanted Callaway’s Big Bertha as the driver of choice for many golfers. The weakness of TaylorMade Golf has been in putters, irons and golf balls. Never really gaining in these fields over Callaway, much of this business was sold or minimized. Titleist’s strength is its golf ball market share. Its weakness has been its golf club line which has been targeted to elite golfers, though not adopted widely by many golfers. Ping Golf’s strength has been in the iron segment in 2008. Its weakness has been poor wedge sales  (Strickland III, Thompson, Gamble, 2010, pp. C-95 – C-96). Nike’s strength is the marketability of its primary endorsement, Tiger Woods, along with its popular golf ball line. Its weakness has been a quality issue with product that was sold at less than suggested retail due to this issue. 3. Identify the strengths and weakness of Callaway, TaylorMade, Titleist, Ping, and Nike. Determine which company has a competitive advantage in the marketplace and state why you believe this to be true. Ans: Overall the best golf company in my opinion is definetly, Titleist. Also, below, I listed the best product for each category of golf equipment. Driver: Taylor Made super quad Irons: Titleist AP2 (leading irons on tour); Woods: 906F4’s; Hybrid: adams hybrids (leading hybrid on tour) Wedges: Titleist Vokey spin milled or 200 series (leading wedge on tour) Putter: any  Titleist Scotty Cameron  that fits you (leading putter on tour) Balls:  Titleist Pro V1  or Pro V1x (leading ball on tour and my personal favorites) Bag: Ping (they have outstanding long lasting quality bags! Glove: Titleist Yardage device: Bushnell Shoes: Footjoy (particularly Dry Joys) Grips: Lampkins or Golf Pride ( especially the dual density  lamkin grips) 4. Based on the company selected in the previous discussion, recommend how the company can ensure that its competitive advantage is sustained. a. Strong research and Innovation: The technology industry is one of the leading industries with res pect to  strong research and innovation. And when it comes to setting the pace using innovation as leverage;  Apple and Sony  are the two companies that have held their leadership position using innovation as a competitive advantage. b. Brand Popularity: Being recognized all over the world as a respected brand is a  sustained competitive advantage that companies such as Virgin, Apple and Coca cola  have used as leverage to hold the market sway for years. Virgin is a company that has used its brand name as leverage to break into new markets  in completely new territories. . Corporate reputation: Corporate reputation is  a form of sustained competitive advantage  that companies such as Price Waterhouse and Berkshire Hathaway have leveraged to become world class entities. d. Strategic assets: Holding strategic assets such as  patents is a strong source of sustained competitive advantage  and General Electric has stood the test of time because of the several patents held. Mind you that possession of these stra tegic assets has made  General Electric one of the most powerful companies in the world. e. High volume production: Dangote Group of companies became one of the leading conglomerates in Africa because of its ability to produce goods on high volume and ensure a uniform price throughout  Nigeria. f. Access to working Capital: Generally, public liability companies (quoted companies) have a  sustained competitive advantage over private companies because of their infinite capacity to raise capital from the public. Take a look at  how Oracle acquired 57 companies in a space of five years  and Reliance Industries investing a billion dollars in a single swoop to open a chain of retail stores. . Superior Product or customer support: IKEA has become a market leader in the furniture industry because of its ability to provide superior product at an affordable rate; backed by a strong customer support system. h. Flexibility: The ability to change swiftly is a  strength and source of sustained competitive advantage that Microsoft  leveraged upon to become the largest software company in the world. i. Low pricing: Wal-Mart as at the time of this writing is the most capitalized company in the world. Thanks to its low pricing strategy that became its strong source of competitive advantage. How to cite Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry, Papers

Jk Lki Hjk Hkjg H Nknm, Essay Example

Jk Lki Hjk Hkjg H Nknm, Paper John De Cleene English Harris Due: December 2, 2010 Horror and Tension Within The Tell Tale Heart Edgar Allen Poe is most famous for his remarkable gothic fiction stories. In fact, some would almost consider him to be the father of them. One of his most recognized pieces is The Tell Tale Heart. This particular tale tells the story of a man who in the end turns out to be insane when he hears the beating of a dead man’s heart. The narrator kills an old man who did nothing wrong. The only thing that made the narrator kill the old man was the old man’s â€Å"vulture eye. If it weren’t for the literary devices used by Poe the tale would not be what it has become. He creates an atmosphere of horror and tension by focusing greatly on the different elements of stories and using them in the specific ways to toy with the reader’s mind. Poe’s descriptions, style of language, and other elements used in The Tell Tale Heart help to create the atmosphere of horro r and tension that make this tale so bone-chilling. One thing that truly makes a story what it is would be the story’s setting. The Tell Tale Heart is set in a mansion, it seems, by the descriptions that Poe uses, â€Å"And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber, and spoke courageously to him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  When one thinks of chambers it is usually linked back to mansions. Mansions are thought of as enormous and spacious places that seem to continue on forever. A mansion with only two people in it, the narrator and old man, would feel very empty and bare. While reading the tale one would also feel very empty and bare because that is the kind of sense the setting gives them. We will write a custom essay sample on Jk Lki Hjk Hkjg H Nknm, specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jk Lki Hjk Hkjg H Nknm, specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jk Lki Hjk Hkjg H Nknm, specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another way Poe uses the setting to create his atmosphere is while the narrator is spying on the old man through the door, â€Å"His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness, (for the shutters were close fastened†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The words he uses generate a feeling of claustrophobia. â€Å"Thick darkness† and â€Å"shutters were closed fastened† both make the reader feel cramped and agitated, as if there is nowhere to escape. There is a feeling that it is too late to turn back and you are trapped with no way out. Even in such a spacious mansion, you are trapped for good. Another element that Poe uses to create such a horrific atmosphere is the point of view from which the tale is told. Throughout the tale we only get one person’s point of view because it is told in a first-person narrative. This allows the reader to get inside the narrator’s mind and truly understand what he is thinking. In the beginning the unnamed man introduces himself. He tries to convince the reader that he is sane, â€Å"TRUE! -nervous -very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? † Though over time as we get to know the man better he starts to show signs of being insane, â€Å"I knew that sound well, too. It was the beating of the old mans heart. † It is not possible for the narrator to hear the old man’s heart because he had just killed him. He killed the old man, cut him up, and buried him under the floorboards. It is impossible for the heart to still be beating, and any man who would believe so is insane. The narrator hallucinates the sound of the beating heart. Listening to a man who has proven to be insane makes the reader unsure of what is going to happen next. Anything can happen with the man and you do not know exactly what is going to next. It keeps you on the edge of your seat because at any moment he could lash out and go crazy. If the tale was told by the policeman, for example, the reader could not come to the conclusion that the narrator is insane and the reader could not get into the narrators mind. Another thing that the first-person point of view does is that is can drag the reader into the tale. Throughout the tale the narrator keeps referring to the reader as â€Å"you†, â€Å"TRUE! -nervous -very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? † By addressing the reader as â€Å"you† it drags the reader into the tale. They aren’t just reading the tale anymore; they are now a part of it. They get sucked in and now feel what the narrator feels. They now experience what the narrator experiences. Style and language in The Tell Tale Heart is another story element that Poe uses to create his atmosphere of horror and tension. His use of metaphors, similes, personification, alliteration, punctuation and dictation help make the story so spine-chilling and blood-curdling. Without theses story elements Poe’s tale would not be what it has come to be. Metaphors are used to help people understand something by comparing it to something else that is more understandable, â€Å"He had the eye of a vulture -a pale blue eye, with a film over it. This metaphor shows how the narrator saw the eye. He didn’t just see it as any other eye; he saw it as more. He thought of it as a piercing eye from a vulture. In the tale the narrator tells the reader that the reason he wants to kill the old man is because of the old man’s eye. This metaphor helps the reader understand tr uly how much the narrator didn’t like the old man’s eye. The reader starts to understand the narrator more and more and can now begin to truly understand the narrator’s insanity. In addition to metaphors there are similes. Similes are similar to metaphors because they are also used to compare and contrast objects or ideas. They are formed when words are put together that almost create an image in your mind. Poe’s use of similes also helps contribute to his atmosphere of horror and tension, â€Å"black as pitch. † This simile gives the reader an idea of exactly how dark it is. It is impossible to see, no light at all. Since this simile is used the reader now has a true understanding of what the narrator sees and they now almost feel as if they are in the story themselves. Personification is another story element that Poe uses in his tale. Personification is used to bring objects or anything abstract to life and give it human-like qualities, â€Å"Death, in approaching him had stalked with his black shadow before him, and enveloped the victim. † With this use of personification is Poe’s tale death is now brought to life and has now become part of the story. Since death now has human-like qualities it can do things that contribute to the tales in ways that it could not before. The personification of death makes death a reality to the reader, which creates a feeling of horror. Another story element along with personification is alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of certain syllables or sounds in a group of words one after the other, â€Å"It is the beating of his hideous heart! † In Poe’s tale the use of this alliteration gives the reader a sense of anxiety because the narrator is starting to become very nervous. This is the very last line in the tale and it leaves the reader with a feeling of uneasiness. That is because the narrator is starting to become very edgy and skittish. Poe also uses specific punctuation to make the narrator seem very tense and jittery, â€Å"Was it possible they heard not? Almighty God! -no, no! They heard! -they suspected! they knew! -they were making a mockery of my horror! † Here Poe uses a hyphen to create a sense of anxiety by making the narrator talk in a skittish way. The narrator is starting to become uneasy and the reader can tell he is starting to go crazy. It is uncertain what is going to happen next. Lastly, the specific dictation Poe uses is another s tory element that contributes to his atmosphere of horror and tension. Repetition is common in The Tell Tale Heart, †It grew louder -louder -louder! † Here the narrator repeats himself while describing a constant sound that he hears that will not disappear. His repetition creates a feeling of agony for the reader because the narrator is becoming very nervous and jittery. The narrator is starting to go crazy at this point and what is about to happen next is uncertain. The atmosphere of a story makes a story what it is. Different atmospheres can make two stories completely different. To create his atmosphere of horror and tension Poe created a very suspenseful ambience, â€Å"And then, when my head was well in the room, I undid the lantern cautiously-oh, so cautiously -cautiously (for the hinges creaked) † At this moment the reader is on the edge of their seat, not wanting to move a muscle. Throughout the whole time while the narrator is trying to open the door the reader is still, as still as the narrator, â€Å"Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watchs minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. † The reader is sucked into the story and cannot move, fearing that the old man might wake up. The reader acts as the narrator does, barely moving their hands. Poe’s atmosphere in The Tell Tale Heart is thought to be bone-chilling, and that it definitely is. Edgar Allen Poe’s tale, The Tell Tale Heart, is one of the most famous gothic fiction short stories ever written. His use of different literary devices create an atmosphere of horror and tension, and without them the tale would not be what it has become. In the beginning of the tale the narrator tries to convince the reader that he is perfectly sane. Though throughout the story the reader is proven otherwise. He starts to become insane and go crazy. All throughout the story the reader is on the edge of their seat, unsure of what is going to happen next. Edgar Allen Poe’s gothic fiction tale undoubtedly has an atmosphere of great horror and tension.

Opportunity Cost

Opportunity Cost Current Event - Opportunity CostWhen thinking about the term opportunity cost or trade-off, many individuals know this to be choosing between two things, and ultimately losing something in choosing one alternative to another. That is exactly what opportunity cost is, choosing an option but losing the benefits of the other. As people, we do what we need to survive, and ultimately what is best for us and our futures. What some do not realize, is that we make these kinds of decisions on a daily basis, and one of the most important decisions it seems these days involves education.There are many decisions involved in deciding ones educational approach. Some students look at how long a degree might take to complete (years wise), others may look at how much that degree will pay off in the long run (income wise), and then some may look at what degree they wish to pursue depending on their skills and love of the career they expect to gain.Phil Edwards of Canda (centre) competing in the me...T he statistics show that Phil, in one hour, can produce either 1 financial statement or answer 8 phone calls. In contrast, Francis can either produce 2 financial statements or answer 10 phone calls. When I figure these statistics into a work day that consists of 8 hours, Phil produces 64 phone calls or 8 financial statements, and conversely Francis produces 80 phone calls and 16 financial statements. These statistics clearly show that Francis has the absolute advantage when it comes to productivity and time by producing twice as many financial statements and answering twenty percent more phone calls than Phil in one hour.To better explain my decision I broke Phil's and Francis's opportunity cost...

Definition and Examples of Analysis in Composition

Definition and Examples of Analysis in Composition In  composition,  analysis  is a form of  expository writing  in which the writer separates a subject into its elements or parts. When applied to a literary work (such as a poem, short story, or essay), analysis involves a careful examination and evaluation of details in the text, such as in a  critical essay.  Maybe youll discuss theme, symbolism, effectiveness of the work as a whole, or character development. Youll use a formal writing style and a third-person point of view to present your argument. As the writer, you will come up with a topic to analyze the work of literature around  and then find supporting evidence in the story and research in journal articles, for example, to make the case behind your argument. For example, maybe you want to discuss the theme of freedom vs. civilization in Huckleberry Finn,  analyze the effectiveness of satirist Jonathan Swifts criticisms of government at the time, or criticize Ernest Hemmingways lack of depth in  his female characters. Youll formulate your thesis statement (what you want to prove), start gathering your evidence and research, and then begin weaving together your argument. Introduction The introduction may well be the last piece you write in your analytical essay, as its your hook for the readers; its what will grab their attention. It might be a quote, an anecdote, or a question.  Until youve gotten your research well in hand and the essay well formulated, you probably wont be able to find your hook. But dont worry about writing this at the start. Save that for a bit, until your drafting really gets rolling. Thesis Statement The thesis statement, which is what youre setting out to prove, will be the first thing that you write, as it will be what youll need to find support for in the text and in research materials. Youll likely start with a broad idea of what youd like to investigate and then narrow that down,  focusing it,  as you start your preliminary research, writing down your ideas and making your outline of how you want to present your points and evidence. Itll appear in the introduction after the hook. Supporting Examples Without examples from the text, your argument has no support, so your evidence from the work of literature youre studying is critical to your whole analytical paper. Keep lists of page numbers that you might want to cite, or use highlighters, color-coded sticky notes- whatever method will enable you to find your evidence quickly when it comes time in the essay to quote and cite it. You may not use everything that you find in support, and thats OK. Using a few perfectly illustrative examples is more efficient than dumping in a load of tenuous ones. Keep two phrases in mind when preparing an analysis: Show me and So what? That is, show me (or point out) what you think are the significant details in the text (or speech or movie- or whatever it is youre analyzing), and then, regarding each of those points, answer the question, So what? What is the significance of each?What effect does that detail create (or attempt to create)?How does it shape (or attempt to shape) the readers response?How does it work in concert with other details to create effects and shape the readers response? The So what? question will help you to pick the best examples. Sources Youll likely need to have a works cited, bibliography, or references page at the end of your essay, with citations following an existing style guide, such as MLA, American Psychological Association (APA), or the Chicago Manual of Style. Generally, theyll be alphabetical by the source authors last name and include the title of the work, publication information, and page numbers. How to punctuate and format the citations will be spelled out in the particular guide youre to follow as a part of the assignment. Keeping good track of your sources while youre researching will save you time and frustration when putting this page (as well as your citations in the paper) together. When Writing In writing an analytical essay, your paragraphs will each have a main topic that supports your thesis. If a blank page intimidates you, then start with an outline, make notes on what examples and supporting research will go in each paragraph and then build the paragraphs following your outline. You can start by writing one line for each paragraph and then going back and filling in more information, the examples and research, or you can start with the first main paragraph and complete one after the other start to finish, including the research and quotes as you draft. Either way, youre probably going to reread the whole thing several times, flesh things out where the argument is incomplete or weak, and fiddle with sentences here and there as you revise.   When you think youre complete with the draft, read it out loud. That will find dropped words, awkward phrasing, and sentences that are too long or repetitive. Then, finally, proofread. Computer spellcheckers work well, but they wont necessarily pick up where you accidentally typed bet for be, for instance. Youll want all of your paragraphs to support your thesis statement. Watch where you get off topic, and cut those sentences. Save them for a different paper or essay if you dont want to delete them entirely. Keep your draft on the topic you stated at the outset, though. Conclusion If directed in your assignment, your analytical essay may have a concluding paragraph that summarizes your thesis and main points. Your introductory hook could make another appearance in the conclusion, maybe even with a twist, to bring the article back full circle.

Business communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business communication - Essay Example the staff motivated and producing at a high level of performance it is imperative for the executive managerial staff to keep the lines of communication open. Business communication plays an important role in my day to day activities at work. Everyday my supervisor provides me with a written list of the things that I am supposed to do during my shift. The supervisor when he provides me with the list verbally speaks to me for about five minutes. The first couple of minutes are usually composed of informal information, but the rest of the time he communicates precisely what tasks I am supposed to perform during the day. Another form of communication which I have to closely monitor is electronic information. The growth in electronic communication in the 21st century is staggering (Johns, 2005). All company memos are sent to the employees via email. Each employee has their own corporate email account. Each week there is a staff meeting between the managers and all the employees of the company. The meetings are recorded by video for documentation and quality control purposes. Each employee has a phone in their desk with a specific extension. T he company encourages the employees to talk through the phone with other colleagues about business matters instead of walking to their desk. The phone is also used for business communication between the employees and any customer that calls the firm. An alternative form of communication that is also used by the company to maintain communication with the firm’s customers is an online forum. The forum is used to answer customer questions and inquiries. This forum also has the capability to communicate with customers through a live chat. â€Å"The truth is that the most important part of customer care is effective communication and all the things that go with that† (Dalecarnegie, 2010). The different forms of communication devices and techniques utilized by my firm help me in my daily activities because it facilitates my work. I

Essay on the policy formation process Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On the policy formation process - Essay Example batier, noted social scientist, has conceptualized ‘Advocacy Coalition Framework’ or ACF and ‘Multiple Streams Framework’ for the policies in different areas of public welfare, that have proved quite effective. The essay would be discussing these models of policy frameworks in the areas of healthcare and education in the United States. ‘Advocacy Coalition Framework’ takes into account the interests of various stakeholders by incorporating opinions and feedback from wide ranging external and internal resources that may significantly impact the masses in the specified areas. The stakeholders comprise of beneficiaries of the schemes, institutions and intermediaries that facilitate the schemes to the public and the decision making bodies that are responsible for various processes for policy framework and subsequent implementation of those policies. The coalition broadly comprises of two major sources who seemingly reflect the welfare of the people: media, researchers and analysts; actors at all levels of government (local, state and international) (Sabatier, 1988). These sources help to study the various perspectives of the policy in the particular field by taking into account the different variables like socio-economic changes, political paradigms, evolving socio-cultural values, normative beliefs and environmental constraints. Thus, while incorporating the finer details of the policies in the relevant area, the view point of these agencies and the feedback widens the policy perspectives and ensures better decision making in framing the policies. ‘Multiple Streams Framework’ primarily believes that three vital streams of thoughts significantly impact the process of formulation of policies. The first is the problem identification that necessitates the process, second is the diversity in the requirements of the communities and lastly the political imperatives of vested interests that are influenced by public opinions, changing socio-economic and

Traditional File Systems Essay

Traditional File Systems Essay The traditional filing system (TFS) is a method of storing and arranging computer files and the information in the file (data). Basically it organizes these files into a database for the storage, organization, manipulation, and retrieval by the computers operating system. (DBMS) consists of software that operates databases, providing storage, access, security, backup and other facilities. This system can be categorized according to the database model and the type of computer that they support such as a server cluster or a mobile phone, the query language(s) that access the database, such as SQL or XQuery, performance trade-offs, such as maximum scale or maximum speed or others. Some DBMS cover more than one entry in these categories, e.g., supporting multiple query languages. Meanwhile database management systems are usually accessed in a client-server manner, where the database client and the server are located on different machines (in a local area network). Both systems deal with information management. File-based System File-based systems were an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system. File-based system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the end-users, such as updating, insertion, deletion adding new files to database etc. Each program defines and manages its data. When a computer user wants to store data electronically they must do so by placing data in files. Files are stored in specific locations on the hard disk (directories). The user can create new files to place data in, delete a file that contains data, rename the file, etc which is known as file management; a function provided by the Operating System (OS). Disadvantages of traditional file based system No need of external storage Provides less security. No need of a highly technical person to handle the database. Redundancy is more. Processing speed is high as compared to DBMS Less integrity. High complexity in updating of database. Table 1.1.1 Database Management System The improvement of the File-Based System (FBS) was the Database Management System (DBMS) which came up in the 60s. The Database Management System removed the trouble of manually locating data, and having to go through it. The user could create a suitable structure for the data beforehand, to place the information in the database that the DBMS is managing. Hence, the physical organizing of files is done away with and provides the user with a logical view of the data input. A database is a collection of interrelated information stored in a database server; these data will be stored in the form of tables. The primary aim of database is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information fast and in an efficient manner. Advantages Control of data redundancy Although the database approach does not remove redundancy completely, it controls the amount of redundancy in the database. Data consistency By removing or controlling redundancy, the database approach reduces the risk of inconsistencies occurring. It ensures all copies of the idea are kept consistent. More information from the same amount of data With the amalgamation of the operated data, it is possible to derive additional information for the same data. Sharing of data Database belongs to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users. Improved data integrity Database integrity provides the validity and consistency of stored data. Integrity is usually expressed in terms of constraints, which are consistency rules that the database is not permitted to violate. Improved security Provides protection of data from unauthorized users. It will require user names and passwords to identify user type and their access right in the operation including retrieval, insertion, updating and deletion. Enforcement of standards The integration of the database enforces the necessary standards including data formats, naming conventions, documentation standards, update procedures and access rules. Economy of scale Cost savings can be obtained by combining all organizations operational data into one database with applications to work on one source of data. Balance of conflicting requirements By having a structural design in the database, the conflicts between users or departments can be resolved. Decisions will be based on the base use of resources for the organization as a whole rather than for an individual person. Improved data accessibility and responsiveness By having integration in the database approach, data accessing can cross departmental boundaries. This feature provides more functionality and better services to the users. Increased productivity The database approach provides all the low-level file-handling routines. The provision of these functions allow the programmer to concentrate more on the specific functionality required by the users. The fourth-generation environment provided by the database can simplify the database application development. Improved maintenance Provides data independence. As a change of data structure in the database will affect the application program, it simplifies database application maintenance. Increased concurrency Database can manage concurrent data access effectively. It ensures no interference between users that would not result any loss of information or loss of integrity. Improved backing and recovery services Modern database management system provides facilities to minimize the amount of processing that can be lost following a failure by using the transaction approach. Disadvantages Complexity A difficult software. All users must be familiar with its functionality and take full advantage of it. Therefore, training for the administrators, designers and users is required. Size Uses a substantial amount of main memory as well as large amount of disk space in order to make it run efficiently. Cost of DBMS A multi-user database management system may be very expensive. Even after the installation, there is a high regular annual maintenance cost on the software. Cost of conversion When moving from a file-base system to a database system, the company is required to have additional expenses on hardware acquisition and training cost. Performance As the database approach is to cater for many applications rather than exclusively for a particular one, some applications may not run as fast as before. Higher impact of a failure Increases the vulnerability of the system due to the centralization. As all users and applications reply on the database availability, the failure of any component can bring operations to a halt and affect the services to the customer seriously. The difference between TFS and DBMS Balajee B. (2005), There are number of characteristics that differ from traditional file management system to database management system. In file system approach, each user implements the required files for a specific application to run. (Example: in a sales department of an enterprise, one user will be maintaining the details of the number of sales personnel in that department and their grades. These details will be stored and maintained in a separate file. Another user will maintain the salary details of these sales personnel and the detailed salary report will be stored and maintained in a separate file. Although both of the users need the data of the salespersons, they will be having their details in separate files and they need different programs to operate their files.) When such data is isolated in separate files, it is difficult to access data that should be available for both users. This will lead to wastage of space and redundancy or replication of data, which may lead to c onfusion, as sharing of data among various users is not possible and data inconsistency may occur. These files will not be having any inter-relationship among the data stored in these files. Therefore in traditional file processing every user will be defining their own constraints and implement the files according to their needs. In database approach, a single store of data is maintained that is defined once and then accessed by many users, as database belongs to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users. The essential characteristic of database approach is that the database system not only contains data but it contains complete definition or description of the database structure and control. These definitions are stored in a system catalog, which contains the information about the structure and definitions of the database. The information stored in the catalog is called the metadata, it describes the primary database. Hence this approach will work on any type of database for example, insurance database, Airlines, banking database, Finance details, and Enterprise information database. But in traditional file processing system the application is developed for a specific purpose and they will access specific database only. But the processing speed in TFS is high compared to DBMS. The other main characteristic of the database is that it will allow multiple users to access the database at the same time and sharing of data is possible. The database must include concurrency control software to ensure that several users trying to update the same data at the same time, it should maintain in a controlled manner. In file system approach many programmers will be creating files over a long period and various files have different format, in various application languages, where duplication of data can occur. This redundancy in storing same data multiple times leads to higher costs and wastage of space. This may result in data inconsistency in the application; this is because update is done to some of the files only and not all of the files. Moreover in database approach multiple views can be created; External view User/Application view, Conceptual view Logical view, Internal view Details about the structure of data and physical storage of information. View is a tailored representation of information contained in one or more tables. View is also called as Virtual table because view does not contain physically stored records and will not occupy any space. A multi-user database whose users have variety of applications must provide facilities for defining multiple views. In traditional file system, if any changes are made to the structure of the files it will affect all the programs. Therefore, changes to the structure of a file will require to change all programs that access the file and whereby data dependence will be lost. But in the case of database approach the structure of the database is stored separately in the system catalog from the access of the application programs. This property is known as program-data independence. Database can also be used for continuous storage for program objects and data structures that resulted in object oriented database approach. Traditional systems suffered from impedance mismatch problem and difficulty in accessing the data, which is avoided in object oriented database system. Database can be used to represent complex relationships among data as well as to retrieve and update related data easily and efficiently. Hence DBMS does not automatically remove redundancies, but help to control redundancy. It is possible to define and enforce integrity constraints for the data stored in the database. The database also provides facilities for recovering hardware and software failures, as it has automatic and intelligent backup and recovery procedures. It reduces the application development time considerably when compared to the file system approach and availability of up-to-date information of all the users. It also provides security to the data stored in the database system and maintains integrity. A highly technical person will be required to handle the database, while for TFS, it is not so. File-based systems are very dependent upon the application programmer. Any required queries or reports have to be written by the application programmer. Normally, a fixed format query or report can only be entertained and no facility for ad-hoc queries if offered. DBMS has data independence. The way information is stored and the way information issued is independent of each other. File-based systems also give tremendous pressure on data processing staff, with users complaints on programs that are inadequate or inefficient in meeting their demands. Documentation may be limited and maintenance of the system is difficult. Provision for security, integrity and recovery capability is very limited. Whereas, DBMS has control over security as it provides tools such as use of User Code, Password / Privileges and Roles to ensure security of data. Data, Field, Record, and File are the main components of Database environment. Briefly explain those. Data Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), Distinct pieces of information usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories: data and programs. Programs are collections of instructions for manipulating data. Data can exist in a variety of forms as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a persons mind. Strictly speaking, data is the plural of datum, a single piece of information. In practice, however, people use data as both the singular and plural form of the word. The term data is often used to distinguish binary machine-readable information from textual human-readable information. For example, some applications make a distinction between data files (files that contain binary data) and text files (files that contain ASCII data). In database management systems, data files are the files that store the database information, whereas other files, such as index files and data dictionaries, store adminis trative information, known as metadata. Field Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), A space allocated for a particular item of information. A tax form, for example, contains a number of fields: one for your name, one for your Social Security number, one for your income, and so on. In database systems, fields are the smallest units of information you can access. In spreadsheets, fields are called cells. Most fields have certain attributes associated with them. For example, some fields are numeric whereas others are textual; some are long, while others are short. In addition, every field has a name, called the field name. In database management systems, a field can be required, optional, or calculated. A required field is one in which you must enter data, while an optional field is one you may leave blank. A calculated field is one whose value is derived from some formula involving other fields. You do not enter data into a calculated field; the system automatically determines the correct value. A collection of fields is called a record. Record Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields: a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. In relational database management systems, records are called tuples. Some programming languages allow you to define a special data structure called a record. Generally, a record is a combination of other data objects. For example, a record might contain three integers, a floating-point number, and a character string. In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields: a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. Figure 1.2.1 Source Author Anon., File Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), A collection of data or information that has a name, called the filename. Almost all information stored in a computer must be in a file. There are many different types of files: data files, text files, program files, directory files, and so on. Different types of files store different types of information. For example, program files store programs, whereas text files store text. What is the Importance of DBMS in a Defense Organization and in an Education Department? Defence Organization Benjamin (n.d.), A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of the database with computers of an organization and its end users. It allows organizations to place control of organization-wide database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. As organizations develop with time, their adoption to the latest technologies in the computer field becomes a necessity. A Defence organization is no different. In these turbulent times, when national security is more important, providing all Defence personnel with access to the latest technology and education opportunities not only directly contributes to Defence capability but also improve the defence personnels career development. Hence the importance of a DBMS in such an organization like Defence is vital. Because Database administrators could use this system to configure and operate databases as the software provides high level, privileged database access. But the management should restrict use of this software to authorized personnel. One function of the database administrator is to create particular views of information stored in the database that are unique for each type of user. For example, one officer will have a different view of information in the database than another, say Senior officer. The different user groups will also have different abilities to add, modify, or delete information. The database administrator is responsible for providing users with access to the appropriate level of information. The primary risk associated with database administration is that an administrator can alter sensitive data without those modifications being detected. A secondary risk is that an administrator can change access rights to information stored within the database as well as their own access rights. Database security is the last line of defence. So it deserves greater focus on the protection of private data from both internal and external. The sensitivity and classification of the information stored in the database form the basis for establishing controls. A database that stores confidential information may require a more significant control environment than a database that stores non-sensitive information. Management should consider the security and performance implications of the security options available with modern database management systems. Database security professionals and information security and risk management professionals could adopt a security strategy in DBMS to: 1) Align database security policies with information security policies; 2) Ensure well-defined and formalized database security procedures; 3) Enforce role separation; and 4) Apply advanced security measures such as database auditing, monitoring, database encryption, data masking, and vulnerability assessment to all critical databases that store private data. The DBMS can provide long-term benefits for the Defence organization reducing duplication of data and making it easier for HR to update personnel records. If not for DBMS, each time there was a personnel change, trainers would have to go through their entire content to make the necessary changes. Now, replacing Brigadier Xs picture in the content library with Commodore Ys picture can be automatically replicated through all relevant programs. Thereby reduce its expenditure on storage. But, initial training will be required for all programmers and users. Even though database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design, there is greater data integrity and independence from applications programs and Education Department Sue Bushell (2004), To improve teaching and learning with the help of modern information and communication technology eLearning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results. E-learning comprises all forms of electronically supported learning and teaching. The Information and communication systems, whether networked or not, serve as specific media to implement the learning process. E-learning services have evolved since computers were first used in education. There is a trend to move towards blended learning services, where computer-based activities are integrated with practical or classroom-based situations. E-learning is essentially the computer and network-enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classroom opportunities and digital collaboration. Content is delivered via the Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. It can be self-paced or instructor-led and includes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audio The definition of e-learning varies depending on the organization and how it is used but basically it involves electronic means of communication, education, and training. Regardless of the definition you chose to use, designers, developers, and implementers make or break the instructional courses and tools. E-learning is simply a medium for delivering learning and like any other medium, it has its advantages and disadvantages. E-learning covers a wide array of activities from supported learning, to blended or hybrid learning (the combination of traditional and e-learning practices), to learning that occurs 100% online. As per wikipedia.org, the worldwide e-learning industry is estimated to be worth over $48 billion US according to conservative estimates. Developments in internet and multimedia technologies are the basic enabler of e-learning, with consulting, content, technologies, services and support being identified as the five key sectors of the e-learning industry. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. E-Learning pioneer Bernard Luskin argues that the E must be understood to have broad meaning if e-learning is to be effective. Luskin says that the e should be interpreted to mean exciting, energetic, enthusiastic, emotional, extended, excellent, and educational in addition to electronic that is a traditional national interpretation. This broader interpretation allows for 21st century applications and brings learning and media psychology into the equation. E-Learning can also refer to educational web sites such as those offering learning scenarios, worksheets and interactive exercises for children. The term is also used extensively in the business sector where it generally refers to cost-effective online training There are many advantages to online and computer-based learning when compared to traditional face-to-face courses and lectures. There are a few disadvantages as well. Advantages of eLearning (Anon., n.d) E-learning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results. Cost effective E-learning is more cost effective than traditional learning because less time and money is spent traveling. Since e-learning can be done in any geographic location and there are no travel expenses, this type of learning is much less costly than doing learning at a traditional institute. Flexibility Flexibility is a major benefit of e-learning. E-learning has the advantage of taking class anytime anywhere. Education is available when and where it is needed. E-learning can be done at the office, at home, on the road, 24 hours a day, and seven days a week. Learners like e-learning because it accommodates different types of learning styles. They have the advantage of learning at their own pace. Students can also learn through a variety of activities that apply to many different learning styles. Learners can fit e-learning into their busy schedule. If they hold a job, they can participate in eLearning right at their desk. If the learner needs to do the learning at night, then this option is available while in their pyjamas and do the learning if they desire. Personalized learning E-learning encourages students to peruse through information by using hyperlinks and sites on the worldwide Web. Learners are able to find information relevant to their personal situations and interest. E-learning allows selection of learning materials that meet their level of knowledge, interest and what they need to know to perform more effectively in an activity. E-learning is more focused on the learner and it is more interesting for the learner because it is information that they want to learn. E-learning is flexible and can be customized to meet the individual needs of the learners. Develops knowledge E-learning helps develop knowledge of the Internet. This knowledge will help learners throughout their careers. E-learning encourages students to take personal responsibility for their own learning. When learners succeed, it builds self-knowledge and self-confidence Disadvantages of eLearning Access One disadvantage of eLearning is that learners need to have access to a computer as well as the Internet. They also need to have computer skills with programs such as word processing, Internet browsers, and e-mail. Without these skills and software it is not possible for the learner to succeed in eLearning. E-learners need to be very comfortable using a computer. Slow Internet connections or older computers may make accessing course materials difficult. This may cause the learners to get frustrated and give up.   Software and files Another disadvantage of e-learning is managing computer files, software comfortability and learning new software, including e-learning. For learners with beginner-level computer skills it can sometimes seem complex to keep their computer files organized. The lesson points you to download a file which the learner does and later cannot find the file. The file is downloaded to the folder the computer automatically opens to rather than a folder chosen by the learner. This file may be lost or misplaced to the learner without good computer organizational skills. High motivation E-learning also requires time to complete especially those with assignments and interactive collaborations. This means that students have to be highly motivated and responsible because all the work they do is on their own. Learners with low motivation or bad study habits may not complete modules and may fall behind Isolation Another disadvantage of e-learning is that students may feel isolated and unsupported while learning. Instructions are not always available to help the learner so learners need to have discipline to work independently without assistance. E-learners may also become bored with no interaction with instructors or classmates.   Without the routine structures of a traditional class, students may get lost or confused about course activities and deadlines. Instructor may not always be available when students are studying or need help Conclusion Today many technologies can be, and are, used in e-learning, from blogs to collaborative software, E-Portfolios, and virtual classrooms. Most e-learning situations use combinations of these techniques. Even though the hardware and software start-up are costly, the advantages are; reduced data redundancy, reducing updating errors and increased consistency, greater data integrity and independence from applications programs, improved data access to users through use of host and query languages, improved data security and availability of facilitated development of new application programs and ability for intensive research are the benefits of DBMS. Task 2 Draw an Entity Relationship Data Model which describes the content and structure of the data held by the Medi Check Hospital. Produce the resulting tables of above Medi Check Hospital and clearly indicating the primary and foreign keys. Data Tables Doctor DoctorID (primary) Lname Fname Address Phone Pager Specialty Location Availability Patient PatientNo (primary) PatientFirstName PatientLastName PatientAddress PatientTelNo PatientDob PatientMaritalStatus PatientDateRegistered Appointment AppointmentNo (primary) PatientName Date/Time PatientTelNo Symptom SymptomCode (primary), SymptomName Description Treatment TreatmentTitle (primary) TreatmentType Duration Status TreatmentCost Medication MedicationNo (primary) MedicationType SideEffect Dosage Frequency Severity MedicationBrandName MedicationManufactureName MedicationManufactureAddress MedicationManufactureTel Normalize these tables to ensure that are all in BCNF. Show the steps you have taken in normalizing the tables. UNF Medication (DoctorID, Lname, Fname, Address, Phone, Pager, Specialty, Location, Availability, PatientNo, PatientFirstName, PatientLastName, PatientAddress, PatientTelNo, PatientDob, PatientMaritalStatus, PatientDateRegistered, AppoinmentNo, PatientName, Date/Time, PatientTelNo, SymptomCode, SymptomName, Description, TreatmentTitle, TreatmentType, Duration, Status, TreatmentCost, MedicationNo, MedicationType, SideEffect, Dosage, Frequency, Severity, MedicationBrandName, MedicationManufactureName, MedicationManufactureAddress, MedicationManufactureTel) 1NF Doctor Details (DoctorID, Lname, Fname, Address, Phone, Pager, Specialty, Location, Availability) Patient Details (PatientNo, PatientFirstName, PatientLastName, PatientAddress, PatientTelNo, PatientDob, PatientMaritalStatus, PatientDateRegistered, AppoinmentNo, PatientN

Greek and Roman Architecture

Running Head: Greek and Roman Architecture Greek and Roman Architecture By: Michelle Garrotters Art 101 November 2nd, 2008 Head: Greek and Roman Architecture Compare the characteristics and innovation of each Greek and Roman Architecture. The Greek and Roman architecture is very impressive for not only their time but also in our time today. The Greek architecture uses the columns in almost all of their temples. The shapes of the columns were extremely important to the Greeks. They used three different types of columns. The â€Å"Doric†, â€Å"Ionic†, and the â€Å"Corinthian†.All of these columns have a center piece that would be for displaying their Greek God(s) with what ever decorations. The Temple of Olympian Zeus is an example of â€Å"Corinthian† columns. The Temple of Poseidon is an example of â€Å"Doric† columns, and Athens is an example of â€Å"Ionic† columns. The Greeks usually built with either mud, wood, plaster, and/or stone. M ost of their buildings have not stood the test of time. Only temples made with marble or limestone these were built as objects of art honoring their different gods. These have been able to withstand the damage that time brings.The Roman architecture used mostly arches in their works. Which held more weight than the columns. Yes they used columns but only as decoration because of the weight. The Pantheon in Rome is a great example of this architecture. This building housed two kings and is one of the biggest surviving building in Rome. Romans used the same materials as the Greeks especially the Marble and Limestone. But they perfected the use of concrete, which is what most of their structures are made with. Most of the Romans buildings that are still preserved today are amphitheaters, bathhouses, aqueducts, and public housing. Unlike the Greeks theRomans did their buildings with lots of ornate on both inside and outside reflecting the â€Å"Pursuit of Pleasure† which is an es sential part of the Roman culture. In summary, Greek architecture is more rectilinear and of â€Å"post and lintel† construction. Greek buildings usually rectilinear, consisted off pediment supported by columns on a plinth for a base. Romans mastered the arch and the dome. Concrete made it possible to have more complex forms. Columns were used in both with the Greek favoring the Doric and Ionic for the cleaner lines. While the Romans preferred to use the more ornate Corinthian style columns.

Essay on Technology - Database Design Concepts

Essay Sample on Technology A Database Management System (DBMS) is required to store, retrieve and manipulate data from a database. according to Healey, the term DBMS will be used to refer to a software package for a storage, manipulation and retrieval of data from a database. a database is a collection of one or more data files or tables stored in a structured manner, such that interrelationships which exist between different items or sets of data can be utilized by the DBMS software for manipulation and retrieval purposes. The basic infrastructure to build other organizational information systems is a DBMS. Key Issues and applications of the DBMS There are several different issues related to data management in an organization environment. Filing system was adequate only for data storage, although not very efficient but it fulfilled the requirements of long-term data storage. Data retrieval was one of the major issues in file-based systems but with the advent of Database Management Systems and its quick and speedy retrieval methodology this issue was resolved. In the context of Dublin City Council Housing Project, some basic forms connected to a well-designed database will do the trick for data storage making it as effective and efficient as possible. Data retrieval can be performed more quickly compared to file based system. String based search and a few clicks is all that is required to get the required data from system. Updating of data is also a problematic area when database management system is not used. For Dublin City Housing, some part of data is ever changing like the apartment in which a particular household is residing. People move to different places and this information will be modified more frequently than other data. With a database system, it will take a few clicks to get this updated across the whole system. another key issue is analytical reporting. Imaging how hard it will be to figure out from a filing system that how many 2-bedroom apartments are vacant in the whole housing complex. With the native query language (SQL) of database, it is now a matter of seconds and you get your desired results. These are the basic issues that database management systems cater to however the benefits and applications are innumerable. Features and advantages of MS-access Compatibility It is compatible with all Microsoft products since it is a product of Microsoft, as well. User friendly Since it is a Microsoft Product, users are highly familiar with the interface as it has similar look and feel, which makes it user friendly. It is also very easy to use compared to other database systems. Scalable It is possible that the housing development and apartments might grow with time. MS access has upgrade capabilities so in case Dublin City Council Housing need to grow they can upgrade to SQL Server. Backup Dublins housing data can be easily backed up, frequently. So it is available in case of need. Cost effective Dublin Housing will not have to spend heavily on its DBMS if MS access is being used. Setup and Maintenance cost is also less, as compared to larger database systems. as it is mentioned on the access Programmers website, Microsoft access is virtually free. If your computers already have the Microsoft Office Professional Suite of business products installed that is automatically bundled as part of Microsoft Office Professional, Microsoft access is already available and there is no additional database software that is required. Support Microsoft access Support resources are available easily than any other desktop DBMS so providing support is not a difficult task. L02 Task 1 Classic SDLC Database System according to alexis Mathews (2005), different phases of DDLC are requirements analysis, database design, DBMS evaluation, selection, implementation, data loading, testing, operation, performance tuning, and maintenance. Requirements analysis Companys situation, problems and constraints are analyzed and defined. It is discussed what improvements a database management system will bring and what objectives it will help fulfill. Requirements are explicitly and granularly defined so the objectives are clear among teams of what to develop and deliver. Database Design alexis Mathews (2005) mentioned that in a database design, first a conceptual design of the database is created. In the conceptual design stage, data modeling is used to create an abstract database structure that represents the real-world scenario. Data analysis is performed. Data Items and attributes are determined. Data modeling and normalization takes place. an Entity Relationship Diagram is developed (ERD is discussed in detail in the next section). Evaluation and Selection In this phase the best suited database management system is selected and evaluated by its features, compatibility, support availability, cost and hardware requirements. Logical Design Basically, in the logical design we create a normalized ERD in which dependencies and data redundancy is minimized. Physical Design Data Dictionary is created that defines data types for attributes, indexing and parameters. Implementation It is the actual implementation of logical design through Data Definition Languages. Tables and relationships are created, different integrity constraints are applied, and indexes are defined to get an operational database ready for data storage and retrieval. Data Loading Data is loaded into the system. Testing and performance tuning Database is thoroughly tested to ensure it produces accurate results and it is optimized, if required. Maintenance This phase involves support and training. LO2 Task 2 Entity Relationship Modeling and Normalization The entity relationship model is high-level conceptual model where data is described in terms of Entities, Relationships and attributes. For the Dublin Housing Project, the entities we can infer are Housing Developments, apartment and Household Member. The relationships that we can define are: One Housing Development has Many apartments One apartment has Many Household Member living in it. attributes for each entity are defined e.g. Household Member will have attributes like Name, Date of Birth, Sex etc. The Entity relationship model of this scenario will be something like: Figure: Sample ERD for Dublin City HousingThere are several advantages and disadvantages of ER model. The conceptual design is easier to understand and is more close to the real life entities. Understanding an ER model is easier as it is more intuitive than any other form of database design. There are some disadvantages as well. If the physical database is modeled directly in line with ER model then there will be many issues like data redundancy. E.g: Each Household Member is part of a household and each household has its own set of attributes to identify itself. From the ER model given above, we can see that the Household information will be stored in the same entity record as Household Member. So there will be set of attributes that will repeat their value for all the members belonging to the same household. This will cause major integrity and consistency issues. Normalization Normalization is the process of decomposing entities into multiple related entities based on some dependency rules. The main objective is to reduce data redundancy as it can cause integrity and consistency issues. The normalized database is much more structured and easier to maintain compared to non-normalized database. E.g. In the example above, Household Member module is decomposed into two models: Household and Member where the attributes are divided logically and a relationship is added between Household and Member entities. Now the data redundancy for Household values will be removed. The basic advantage of normalization is a maintainable database design, reduced redundancy, better consistency and integrity of data. On the other hand, a special construct of Join needs to be used while querying the database for required results. If there are many decomposed tables with large quantity of data, this can cause some performance over heads. L03 Task 1 SDLC database methodology Dublin SDLC Plan Planning Phase: The main objective of this system will be to have robust storage of relevant data along with efficient retrieval and reporting schemes to assist in decision making. Data Security Data Integrity Data Retrieval Reporting MS access is to be used as the database and front end engine. For a small unit like Dublin City Housing, MS access provides ample functionality and is easy and cost effective to develop. Some basic reporting is also a part of it and that serves the purpose. analysis Phase: The following functional requirements are in place for this system: Management Housing Developments. This includes storage, retrieval, manipulation and deletion of data. Storage, Retrieval, Manipulation and Deletion of apartment related data. Management of Household Members (storage, retrieval, manipulation and deletion of data). Keeping track of household members movements from one apartment to another. Data requirements are not very complicated. Here are some of the considerations and requirements for data: Every apartment should be part of one housing development. It should be made sure that a household member is part on only one household, being part of multiple households will cause data integrity issues. Every household will occupy only one apartment at a given time. Date formats should be properly validated as incorrect formats will cause data consistency issues and will hamper filtering and reporting. Design Phase: 1. Conceptual Design: 2. Relational Schema Model: 3. Physical Design LO3 Task 2 [Database application (Forms, software application, tables etc) is submitted electronically] Queries are as follows: Query to get member and the apartment they are residing in: select member.*, apartment.* from members left join household on members.household_id = household.id left join apartments on apartments.id = household.apartment_id Query to get related apartments with one housing devlopment select * from apartments where housing_development_id = Query to see movement of household sorted by most recent movement first select mh.date_move, hh.name, from move_history mh left join household hh on hh.id = mh.household_id order by mh.date_move desc. LO3 Task 3 Suggestions The developed database system fulfills all functional requirements. Different entities can be managed easily through the forms developed. System will help decision makers to make effective decisions through analytical reporting. There are several enhancements and improvements that can be made in the system like extending it to handle rental payments for apartments, managing issues like civil works required. On the technical side, the system should be easily upgradable and extendible. It should be equipped to be able to take advantage from upgrades and improvements to core technologies, which in this case is MS access. LO3 Task 4 User Manual access information: To access particular table, click on its drop down, then find and click on table option. You will see all saved records as below: Create input forms In main menu, under Create, there is an option to create forms. You can look form in different views by just Right-clicking it. Layout view: Goto Layout view to format your form. You can apply a theme by accessing main menu Format after selecting Layout-view. Manipulate Data You can manipulate data at table-view and form-view by clicking on the field. Delete Information There are two ways to delete records. Select one/more records from table-view, right click and delete. add a new button to existing form, and sets its operation to delete. Whenever you want to delete a record, find your record by previous or next button and press DELETE. Bibliography 1. access Programmers, 2009. Management Benefits [online] available at: http://www.access-programmers.com/management-benefits.aspx [accessed 27 May 2015]. 2. alexis Mathews, 2005, Database Development Life Cycle. [online] available at: http://www.leon-leon.com/wp/2005/11/21/ddlc.html [accessed 27 May 2015]. 3. Healy, R.G., 1991 Database Management Systems. [e-book] available at: http://www.wiley.com/legacy/wileychi/gis/Volume1/BB1v1_ch18.pdf [accessed 27 May 2015].